1 058b0118 2005-01-03 devnull .TH SCAT 1
3 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull scat \- sky catalogue and Digitized Sky Survey
4 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .SH SYNOPSIS
6 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .SH DESCRIPTION
8 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull looks up items in catalogues of objects
9 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull outside the solar system
10 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull and implements database-like manipulations
11 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull on sets of such objects.
12 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull It also provides an interface to
13 d32deab1 2020-08-16 rsc .MR astro (1)
14 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull to plot the locations of solar system objects.
15 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Finally, it displays images from the
16 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Space Telescope Science Institute's
17 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Digitized Sky Survey, keyed to the catalogues.
19 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Items are read, one per line, from the standard input
20 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull and looked up in the catalogs.
21 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Input is case-insensitive.
22 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The result of the lookup becomes the set of objects available
23 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull to the database commands.
24 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull After each lookup or command, if more than two objects are
25 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull in the set,
27 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull prints how many objects are in the set; otherwise it
28 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull prints the objects'
29 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull descriptions or cross-index listings (suitable for input to
30 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .IR scat ).
31 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull An item is in one of the following formats:
33 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B ngc1234
34 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Number 1234 in the New General Catalogue of
35 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Nonstellar Objects, NGC2000.0.
36 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The output identifies the type
37 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .RB( Gx =galaxy,
38 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR Pl =planetary
40 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR OC =open
42 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR Gb =globular
44 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR Nb =bright
46 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR C+N =cluster
47 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull associated with nebulosity,
48 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR Ast =asterism,
49 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR Kt =knot
50 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull or nebulous region in a galaxy,
51 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR *** =triple
53 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR D* =double
55 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR ? =uncertain,
56 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR - =nonexistent,
57 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR PD =plate
58 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull defect, and
59 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull (blank)=unverified or unknown),
60 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull its position in 2000.0 coordinates,
61 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull its size in minutes of arc, a brief description, and popular names.
63 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B ic1234
64 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Like NGC references, but from the Index Catalog.
66 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B sao12345
67 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Number 12345 in the Smithsonian Astrophysical Star Catalogue.
68 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Output identifies the visual and photographic magnitudes,
69 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull 2000.0 coordinates, proper motion, spectral type, multiplicity and variability
70 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull class, and HD number.
73 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Catalog number 4 in Messier's catalog.
74 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The output is the NGC number.
76 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B abell1701
77 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Catalog number 1701 in the Abell and Zwicky
78 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull catalog of clusters of galaxies.
79 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Output identifies the magnitude of the tenth brightest member of the cluster,
80 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull radius of the cluster in degrees, its distance in megaparsecs,
81 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull 2000.0 coordinates, galactic latitude and longitude,
82 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull magnitude range of the cluster (the `distance group'),
83 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull number of members (the `richness group'), population
84 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull per square degree, and popular names.
86 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B planetarynebula
87 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The set of NGC objects of the specified type.
88 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The type may be a compact NGC code or a full name, as above, with no blank.
90 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull \fL"α umi"\fP
91 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Names are provided in double quotes.
92 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Known names are the Greek
93 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull letter designations, proper names such as Betelgeuse, bright variable stars,
94 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull and some proper names of stars, NGC objects, and Abell clusters.
95 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Greek letters may be spelled out, e.g.
96 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR alpha .
97 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Constellation names must be the three-letter abbreviations.
98 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The output
99 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull is the SAO number.
100 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull For non-Greek names, catalog numbers and names are listed for all objects with
101 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull names for which the given name is a prefix.
103 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B 12h34m -16
104 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Coordinates in the sky are translated to the nearest `patch',
105 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull approximately one square degree of sky.
106 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The output is the coordinates identifying the patch,
107 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull the constellations touching the patch, and the Abell, NGC, and SAO
108 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull objects in the patch.
109 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The program prints sky positions in several formats corresponding
110 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull to different precisions; any output format is understood as input.
113 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull All the patches in the named constellation.
116 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The planets are identified by their names.
117 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The names
118 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B shadow
120 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B comet
121 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull refer to the earth's penumbra at lunar distance and the comet installed in the current
122 d32deab1 2020-08-16 rsc .MR astro (1) .
123 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The output is the planet's name, right ascension and declination, azimuth and altitude, and phase
124 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull for the moon and sun, as shown by
125 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR astro .
126 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The positions are current at the start of
127 c8b6342d 2005-01-13 devnull .IR scat 's
128 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull execution; see the
129 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B astro
130 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull command in the next section for more information.
132 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The commands are:
133 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .TF print
135 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BI add " item"
136 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Add the named item to the set.
138 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BI keep " class ..."
139 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Flatten the set and cull it, keeping only the specified classes.
140 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The classes may be specific NGC types,
141 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull all stars
142 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .RB ( sao ),
143 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull all NGC objects
144 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .RB ( ngc ),
145 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull all M objects
146 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .RB ( m ),
147 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull all Abell clusters
148 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .RB ( abell ),
149 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull or a specified brightness range.
150 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Brightness ranges are specified by a leading
154 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull followed by a magnitude.
155 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Remember that brighter objects have lesser magnitudes.
157 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BI drop " class ..."
158 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Complement to
159 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR keep .
161 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BI flat
162 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Some items such as patches represents sets of items.
164 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull flattens the set so
166 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull holds all the information available for the objects in the set.
168 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BI print
169 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Print the contents of the set. If the information seems meager, try
170 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull flattening the set.
172 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BI expand " n"
173 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Flatten the set,
174 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull expand the area of the sky covered by the set to be
176 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull degrees wider, and collect all the objects in that area.
179 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull is zero,
180 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .I expand
181 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull collects all objects in the patches that cover the current set.
183 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BI astro " option"
185 d32deab1 2020-08-16 rsc .MR astro (1)
186 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull with the specified
187 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .I options
188 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull (to which will be appended
189 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR -p ),
190 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull to discover the positions of the planets.
191 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR Astro 's
195 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull options can be used to set the time and place; by default, it's right now at the coordinates in
196 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BR /lib/sky/here .
198 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B astro
199 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull does not change the positions of planets already in the display set,
201 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B astro
202 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull may be run multiple times, executing e.g.
203 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B "add mars"
204 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull each time, to plot a series of planetary positions.
206 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BI plot " option"
207 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Expand and plot the set in a new window on the screen.
208 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Symbols for NGC objects are as in Sky Atlas 2000.0, except that open clusters
209 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull are shown as stippled disks rather than circles.
210 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Abell clusters are plotted as a triangle of ellipses.
211 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The planets are drawn as disks of representative color with the first letter of the name
212 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull in the disk (lower case for inferior planets; upper case for superior);
213 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull the sun, moon, and earth's shadow are unlabeled disks.
214 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Objects larger than a few pixels are plotted to scale; however,
216 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull does not have the information necessary to show the correct orientation for galaxies.
218 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The option
219 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B nogrid
220 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull suppresses the lines of declination and right ascension.
221 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull By default,
223 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull labels NGC objects, Abell clusters, and bright stars; option
224 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B nolabel
225 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull suppresses these while
226 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B alllabel
227 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull labels stars with their SAO number as well.
228 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The default size is 512×512; options
239 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The option
240 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B zenithup
241 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull orients the map so it appears as it would in the sky at the time and
242 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull location used by the
243 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B astro
245 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .RI ( q.v. ).
247 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The output is designed to look best on an LCD display.
248 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull CRTs have trouble with the thin, grey lines and dim stars.
249 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The option
250 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B nogrey
251 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull uses white instead of grey for these details, improving visibility
252 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull at the cost of legibility when plotting on CRTs.
254 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B "plate \f1[[\f2ra dec\f1] \f2rasize\f1 [\f2decsize\f1]]"
255 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Display the section of the Digitized Sky Survey (plate scale
256 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull approximately 1.7 arcseconds per pixel) centered on the
257 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull given right ascension and declination or, if no position is specified, the
258 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull current set of objects. The maximum area that will be displayed
259 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull is one degree on a side. The horizontal and vertical sizes may
260 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull be specified in the usual notation for angles.
261 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull If the second size is omitted, a square region is displayed.
262 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull If no size is specified, the size is sufficient to display the centers
263 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull of all the
264 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull objects in the current set. If a single object is in the set, the
265 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull 500×500 pixel block from the survey containing the center
266 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull of the object is displayed.
267 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The survey is stored in the CD-ROM juke box; run
270 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull before running
271 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .IR scat .
273 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .BI gamma " value"
274 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Set the gamma for converting plates to images. Default is \-1.0.
275 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Negative values display white stars, positive black.
276 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The images look best on displays with depth 8 or greater.
278 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull does not change the hardware color map, which
279 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull should be set externally to a grey scale; try the command
280 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .B getmap gamma
282 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .IR getmap (9.1))
283 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull on an 8-bit color-mapped display.
285 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .SH EXAMPLES
286 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Plot the Messier objects and naked-eye stars in Orion.
289 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull keep m <6
290 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull plot nogrid
293 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Draw a finder chart for Uranus:
296 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull expand 5
300 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Show a partial lunar eclipse:
302 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull astro -d
303 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull 2000 07 16 12 45
305 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull add shadow
306 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull expand 2
310 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Draw a map of the Pleiades.
312 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull "alcyone"
313 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull expand 1
317 c8b6342d 2005-01-13 devnull .\" Show a pretty galaxy.
319 c8b6342d 2005-01-13 devnull .\" ngc1300
320 c8b6342d 2005-01-13 devnull .\" plate 10'
322 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .SH FILES
323 c8b6342d 2005-01-13 devnull .B \*9/sky/*.scat
324 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .SH SOURCE
325 c3674de4 2005-01-11 devnull .B \*9/src/cmd/scat
326 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull .SH SEE ALSO
327 d32deab1 2020-08-16 rsc .MR astro (1)
329 c8b6342d 2005-01-13 devnull .B \*9/sky/constelnames\ \
330 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull the three-letter abbreviations of the constellation names.
332 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull The data was provided by the Astronomical Data Center at the NASA Goddard
333 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Space Flight Center, except for NGC2000.0, which is Copyright © 1988, Sky
334 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull Publishing Corporation, used (but not distributed) by permission. The Digitized Sky Survey, 102
335 8a3b2ceb 2004-04-24 devnull CD-ROMs, is not distributed with the system.
