1 .\" Copyright (c) 2021 Omar Polo <op@omarpolo.com>
3 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
4 .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
5 .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
7 .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
8 .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
9 .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
10 .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
11 .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
12 .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
13 .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
14 .Dd $Mdocdate: October 8 2021$
19 .Nd multi-protocol browser
29 is an interactive browser that supports the Finger, Gemini and Gopher
32 features tabs, a minibuffer, interactive completions, bookmarks and
33 out-of-band TOFU verification.
35 The arguments are as follows:
36 .Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxxx
38 Show all available colors and exit.
40 Specify an alternative configuration file.
42 .Pa $HOME/.config/telescope/config
45 Display version and usage.
48 Only check the configuration file for validity.
55 from writing files to the disk and to acquire the lock, allowing to
56 run multiple instances at the same time.
58 still loads the session file and the custom about pages.
59 .It Fl v , Fl -version
64 interface is divided into four areas: the tabline, the body, the
65 modeline and the echoarea/minibuffer.
67 The tabline is always at the top of the screen and displays the tabs
68 separated by a vertical line.
69 When there are more tabs than the size of the window allow to display,
74 are shown at the start/end of the tabline to indicate that there are
75 more tabs in that direction.
77 The body occupies the majority of the visible area.
78 It contains the current page and optionally a side window.
80 The modeline is the second to last row of the screen.
81 It shows some information about the page: a spinner when the page is
82 loading, the trust level, the document type, the scroll offset and the
85 The echoarea is usually the last line of the screen.
86 Messages are often showed there, and link addresses too.
87 The echoarea is also used to obtain input from the user.
92 are invoked, the minibuffer area grows to show possible completions.
96 .Dq Trust, but Verify Pq where appropriate
99 .Pq Dq Trust On First Use .
100 The idea is to define three level of verification for a certificate:
104 the server fingerprint does NOT match the stored value.
107 the server fingerprint matches the store one.
110 the fingerprint matches and has been verified out-of-band.
113 The trust level of the page is indicated in the modeline with the
118 level is enough, but where is appropriate users should be able to
119 verify out-of-band the certificate.
121 At the moment, there is no built-in support for an out-of-band
123 .Sh SUPPORTED PROTOCOLS
124 The following protocols are supported:
125 .Bl -tag -width gemini://
130 See about:about for a list of all these pages.
134 such as .gmi, .gemini, .txt, .md, .markdown, .diff or .patch, can be
135 viewed inside the application.
136 Types of local files are detected solely based on the file extension.
137 On some systems, such as
139 only files inside special directories
140 .Pq like Pa /tmp No or Pa ~/Downloads
143 Finger URLs are interpreted as follows:
146 the host is determined by the host name portion of the URL
148 if the user portion of the URL is provided, it's interpreted as the
149 user to finger, otherwise the path component will be used
152 .Lk finger://user@hostname
154 .Lk finger://hostname/user
155 are treated as the same URL.
157 Gemini is fully supported, with the exception of client-certificates.
159 Gopher support is limited to items type 0, 1 and 7.
160 All text is assumed to be encoded in UTF-8 (or ASCII).
163 User-entered URLs, given as argument on the command line or entered
166 are intepreted with a simple heuristic:
169 if it's a proper absolute URL then use it as-is,
175 assume it's a file:// URL,
177 otherwise assume it's a Gemini URL.
179 .Sh DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS
180 The default key bindings are very similar to GNU Emacs, but care has
181 been taken to include also bindings familiar for
186 In the following examples, C-x means Control-x, M-x means Meta-x,
187 where the Meta key may be either a special key on the keyboard or the
188 ALT key; otherwise ESC followed by the key X works as well, and C-M-x
189 means to press the key X together with both Control and Meta.
191 Keys are usually a single character, like
195 but some special keys are accepted as well.
197 .Bl -tag -width 16m -offset indent -compact
207 Previous page/Page up
227 Depends on the configuration of the terminal emulator; usually shift
230 .Ss GNU Emacs-like keys
231 .Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxx -offset indent -compact
245 move-beginning-of-line
261 execute-extended-command
305 .Ss Xr vi 1 Ns -like keys
306 .Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxx -offset indent -compact
320 move-beginning-of-line
352 execute-extended-command
355 .Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxx -offset indent -compact
365 move-beginning-of-line
389 .Ss Neither Emacs nor vi specific
390 .Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxx -offset indent -compact
418 .Ss Minibuffer-specific keys
419 .Bl -tag -width xxxxxxxxxxxx -offset indent -compact
421 mini-complete-and-exit
429 mini-delete-backward-char
431 mini-delete-backward-char
433 mini-delete-backward-char
445 move-beginning-of-line
449 move-beginning-of-line
453 mini-previous-history-element
455 mini-next-history-element
465 insert-current-candidate
471 .Sh INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
472 Follows the documentation for the interactive commands.
473 These commands can be bound to a key or executed with
474 .Ic execute-extended-command .
475 .Ss Movement commands
476 .Bl -tag -width execute-extended-command -compact
478 Move point one character backward.
479 .It Ic backward-paragraph
480 Move point one paragraph backward.
481 .It Ic beginning-of-buffer
482 Move point to the beginning of the buffer.
484 Move point to the end of the buffer.
486 Move point one character forward.
487 .It Ic forward-paragraph
488 Move point one paragraph forward.
489 .It Ic insert-current-candidate
490 Copy the current selection text as minibuffer input.
491 .It Ic move-beginning-of-line
492 Move point at the beginning of the current (visual) line.
493 .It Ic move-end-of-line
494 Move point at the end of the current (visual) line.
496 Move point to the next link.
497 .It Ic next-completion
498 Select the next completion.
500 Move point to the next heading.
502 Move point to the next (visual) line, in the same column if possible.
503 .It Ic previous-button
504 Move point to the previous link.
505 .It Ic previous-completion
506 Select the previous completion.
507 .It Ic previous-heading
508 Move point to the previous heading.
510 Move point to the previous (visual) line.
512 .Ss Bookmark-related commands
513 .Bl -tag -width execute-extended-command -compact
515 Save a page in the bookmark file.
516 It preloads the minibuffer with the current URL.
517 .It Ic list-bookmarks
518 Load the bookmarks page.
520 .Ss Tab-related commands
521 .Bl -tag -width execute-extended-command -compact
523 Close the current tab.
524 .It Ic tab-close-other
525 Close all tabs but the current one.
527 Move the current tab after the next one, wrapping around if
530 Move the current tab before the previous one, wrapping around if needed.
534 Focus next tab, wrapping around eventually.
536 Focus the previous tab, wrapping around eventually.
538 Switch to a tab using the minibuffer.
541 .Bl -tag -width execute-extended-command -compact
544 .It Ic dec-fill-column
545 Decrement fill-column by two.
546 .It Ic execute-extended-command
547 Execute an internal command.
548 .It Ic kill-telescope
551 .It Ic inc-fill-column
552 Increment fill-column by two.
554 Select and visit a link using the minibuffer.
555 .It Ic load-current-url
556 Edit the current URL.
560 Go forward in the page history.
562 Toggle olivetti mode (i.e. horizontal centering of the lines of the
565 Select the other window.
567 Go backward in the page history.
569 Follow link at point, or toggle the visibility of the following
570 preformatted block if called when the cursor is on the heading of the block.
571 .It Ic push-button-new-tab
572 Follow link at point in a new tab.
574 Redraw the screen, useful if some background program messed up the
577 Reload the current page.
579 Scroll down by one visual page.
580 .It Ic scroll-line-down
581 Scroll down by one line.
582 .It Ic scroll-line-up
583 Scroll up by one line.
585 Scroll up by one visual page.
586 .It Ic suspend-telescope
591 Jump to a line using the minibuffer.
593 Jump to a heading using the minibuffer.
595 Toggle side window with help about available keys and their associated
597 .It Ic toggle-pre-wrap
598 Toggle the wrapping of preformatted blocks.
600 .Ss Minibuffer commands
601 .Bl -tag -width execute-extended-command -compact
603 Abort the current minibuffer action.
604 .It Ic mini-complete-and-exit
605 Complete the current minibuffer action.
606 .It Ic mini-delete-backward-char
607 Delete the character before the point.
608 .It Ic mini-delete-char
609 Delete the character after the point.
610 .It Ic mini-goto-beginning
611 Select the first completion, if any.
613 Select the last completion, if any.
614 .It Ic mini-kill-line
615 Delete from point until the end of the line.
616 .It Ic mini-next-history-element
617 Load the previous history element.
618 .It Ic mini-previous-history-element
619 Load the next history element.
622 The following aliases are available during
623 .Ic execute-extended-command :
624 .Bl -tag -width 16m -compact
631 .It Ic q No and Ic wq
634 .Sh CONFIGURATION FILE
637 reads the configuration file at
638 .Pa ~/.config/telescope/config
640 .Pa ~/.telescope/config .
642 It's possible to load a custom configuration file using the
647 will also load a file called
651 is the name of the terminal type
652 .Pq i.e. the TERM environment variable ,
655 The format of the configuration file is fairly flexible.
656 The current line can be extended over multiple ones using a
659 Comments can be put anywhere in the file using a hash mark
661 and extend to the end of the current line, but backslashes can't be
662 used to extend comments over multiple lines.
664 The following constructs are available:
666 .It Ic bind Ar map Ar key Ar cmd
673 Valid values for map are
675 .Pq i.e. when the user is viewing a page
678 .Pq i.e. when the minibuffer has the focus.
680 follows the same syntax described in
681 .Sx DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS
682 and all the possible functions are listed in
683 .Sx INTERACTIVE COMMANDS .
684 .It Ic proxy Ar proto Ic via Ar url
687 as proxy for all URLs with
691 must be a Gemini URI without path, query and fragment component.
692 .It Ic set Ar opt No = Ar val
699 .Bl -tag -width twelveletters -compact
702 If greater than zero, save the session after the specified amount of
703 seconds after some events happens
704 .Pq new or closed tabs, visited a link ...
708 If nonzero, don't wrap preformatted blocks.
712 The default download path.
717 If nonzero, when the text of a link starts with an emoji followed by a
718 space, use that emoji as line prefix.
722 If nonzero, enable colours.
728 If greater than zero, lines of text will be formatted in a way that
729 don't exceed the given number of columns.
733 If nonzero, hide by default the body of the preformatted blocks.
736 can be used to toggle the visibility per-block.
737 .It hide-pre-closing-line
739 If nonzero, hide the closing line of preformatted blocks.
743 If nonzero, hide the start and end line of the preformatted blocks.
744 If both hide-pre-context and hide-pre-blocks are nonzero, preformatted
745 blocks are irremediably hidden.
749 URL for the new tab page.
759 If nonzero, set the terminal title to the page title.
763 If tab-bar-show is -1 hide the tab bar permanently, if 0 show it
765 If it's 1, show the bar only when there is more than one tab.
768 .It Ic style Ar name Ar option
769 Change the styling of the element identified by
771 Multiple options may be specified within curly braces.
772 Valid style identifiers are:
773 .Bl -tag -width line.compl.current -compact -offset Ds
775 the area outside the lines in the body of the page.
778 .It line.compl.current
779 the current completion.
781 text in the *Help* buffer.
793 the heading of a preformatted block.
795 the content of a preformatted block.
797 the closing line of a preformatted block.
805 the non-focused tabs.
812 .It Ic attr Ar prefix Oo Ar line Oo Ar trail Oc Oc
813 Sets the text attributes.
814 If only one value is given,
818 default to that; if two values are given then
822 Each attribute is a comma-separated list of keywords:
823 .Bl -tag -width underline -compact -offset Ds
827 best highlighting mode for the terminal.
831 reverses background/foreground colors.
833 makes the text blinking.
837 extra bright or bold.
840 Only the style identifiers with the
842 prefix accept up to three attributes.
843 The other will only use the first one given.
844 .It Ic bg Ar prefix Oo Ar line Oo Ar trail Oc Oc
845 Sets the background color.
846 Follows the same behaviour as
848 regarding the optional parameters.
849 The colour is one of black, red, green, yellow, blue,
850 magenta, cyan and white; colour0 to colour255
851 .Pq or color0 to color255
852 from the 256-colour set;
853 default for the default colour.
854 .It Ic fg Ar prefix Oo Ar line Oo Ar trail Oc Oc
855 Sets the foreground color.
858 .It Ic prefix Ar prfx Op Ar cont
859 Sets the prefix for the current line type to
863 as the prefix for the continuation lines
864 .Pq i.e. when a long line gets wrapped.
867 is not given its value will be the same of
874 is started, it inspects the following environment variables:
875 .Bl -tag -width NO_COLORS
877 The user's login directory.
879 To decide whether to use colors or not.
880 The content of the variable doesn't matter.
882 The user's terminal name.
883 .It Ev XDG_CACHE_HOME , Ev XDG_CONFIG_HOME , Ev XDG_DATA_HOME
884 If defined can alter the default location of the files used.
889 follows the XDG Base Directory Specification.
892 exists, XDG is ignored and all the files are stored inside it.
898 can further alter the location of these files.
900 .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
901 .It Pa ~/.config/telescope/config
902 Default configuration file.
903 .It Pa ~/.config/telescope/pages/about_*.gmi
904 Overrides for built-in about: pages.
905 .It Pa ~/.local/share/telescope/bookmarks.gmi
907 .It Pa ~/.local/share/telescope/known_hosts
908 Hash of the certificates for all the known hosts.
909 Each line contains three fields: hostname with optional port number,
910 hash of the certificate and a numeric flag.
911 .It Pa ~/.cache/telescope/lock
912 Lock file used to prevent multiple instance of
914 from running at the same time.
915 .It Pa ~/.cache/telescope/session
916 The list of tabs from the last session.
917 Every line identifies a tab and contains three space-separated fields:
918 the full URL, a comma-separated list of attributes and the cached
922 and loaded during startup.
925 It's possible to browse
927 .Pq i.e. simple websites
928 by using programs like the duckling-proxy by defining a proxy in
929 .Pa ~/.config/telescope/config :
930 .Bd -literal -offset indent
931 proxy http via "gemini://127.0.0.1:1965"
932 proxy https via "gemini://127.0.0.1:1965"
937 without any configuration
938 .Bd -literal -offset indent
939 telescope -c /dev/null
943 .%B XDG Base Directory Specification
944 .%U https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/latest/
950 program was written by
951 .An Omar Polo Aq Mt op@omarpolo.com .
953 There's no UI for out-of-band certificates validation.
