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rc: add recursive descent parser The old yacc-based parser is available with the -Y flag, which will probably be removed at some point. The new -D flag dumps a parse tree of the input, without executing it. This allows comparing the output of rc -D and rc -DY on different scripts to see that the two parsers behave the same. The rc paper ends by saying: It is remarkable that in the four most recent editions of the UNIX system programmer’s manual the Bourne shell grammar described in the manual page does not admit the command who|wc. This is surely an oversight, but it suggests something darker: nobody really knows what the Bourne shell’s grammar is. Even examination of the source code is little help. The parser is implemented by recursive descent, but the routines corresponding to the syntactic categories all have a flag argument that subtly changes their operation depending on the context. Rc’s parser is implemented using yacc, so I can say precisely what the grammar is. The new recursive descent parser here has no such flags. It is a straightforward translation of the yacc. The new parser will make it easier to handle free carats in more generality as well as potentially allow the use of unquoted = as a word character. Going through this exercise has highlighted a few dark corners here as well. For example, I was surprised to find that x >f | y >f x | y are different commands (the latter redirects y's output). It is similarly surprising that a=b x | y sets a during the execution of y. It is also a bit counter-intuitive x | y | z x | if(c) y | z are not both 3-phase pipelines. These are certainly not things we should change, but they are not entirely obvious from the man page description, undercutting the quoted claim a bit. On the other hand, who | wc is clearly accepted by the grammar in the manual page, and the new parser still handles that test case.
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1 void	Abort(void);

2 void	Closedir(int);

3 int	Creat(char*);

4 int	Dup(int, int);

5 int	Dup1(int);

6 int	Eintr(void);

7 int	Executable(char*);

8 void	Execute(word*,  word*);

9 void	Exit(char*);

10 int	ForkExecute(char*, char**, int, int, int);

11 int	Globsize(char*);

12 int	Isatty(int);

13 void	Memcpy(char*, char*, long);

14 void	Noerror(void);

15 int	Opendir(char*);

16 long	Read(int, char*, long);

17 int	Readdir(int, char*, int);

18 long	Seek(int, long, long);

19 void	Trapinit(void);

20 void	Unlink(char*);

21 void	Updenv(void);

22 void	Vinit(void);

23 int	Waitfor(int, int);

24 long	Write(int, char*, long);

25 void	addwaitpid(int);

26 int	advance(void);

27 int	back(int);

28 void	cleanhere(char*);

29 void	codefree(code*);

30 int	compile(tree*);

31 char *	list2str(word*);

32 int	count(word*);

33 void	deglob(char*);

34 void	delwaitpid(int);

35 void	dotrap(void);

36 void	freenodes(void);

37 void	freewords(word*);

38 void	globlist(void);

39 int	havewaitpid(int);

40 int	idchr(int);

41 void	inttoascii(char*, long);

42 void	kinit(void);

43 int	mapfd(int);

44 int	match(char*, char*, int);

45 int	matchfn(char*, char*);

46 char**	mkargv(word*);

47 void	clearwaitpids(void);

48 void	panic(char*, int);

49 void	pathinit(void);

50 void	poplist(void);

51 void	popword(void);

52 void	pprompt(void);

53 void	pushlist(void);

54 void	pushredir(int, int, int);

55 void	pushword(char*);

56 void	readhere(void);

57 word*	searchpath(char*);

58 void	setstatus(char*);

59 void	setvar(char*, word*);

60 void	skipnl(void);

61 void	start(code*, int, var*);

62 int	truestatus(void);

63 void	usage(char*);

64 int	wordchr(int);

65 void	yyerror(char*);

66 int	yylex(void);

67 int	yyparse(void);

68 int	parse(void);