This fixes at least one shell script (printfont) that expected 'x'`{y}'z' to mean 'x'^`{y}^'z' as it now does. Before it meant: 'x'^`{y} 'z' One surprise is that adjacent lists get a free carat: (x y z)(1 2 3) is (x1 y2 z3) This doesn't affect any rc script in Plan 9 or plan9port.

The old yacc-based parser is available with the -Y flag, which will probably be removed at some point. The new -D flag dumps a parse tree of the input, without executing it. This allows comparing the output of rc -D and rc -DY on different scripts to see that the two parsers behave the same. The rc paper ends by saying: It is remarkable that in the four most recent editions of the UNIX system programmer’s manual the Bourne shell grammar described in the manual page does not admit the command who|wc. This is surely an oversight, but it suggests something darker: nobody really knows what the Bourne shell’s grammar is. Even examination of the source code is little help. The parser is implemented by recursive descent, but the routines corresponding to the syntactic categories all have a flag argument that subtly changes their operation depending on the context. Rc’s parser is implemented using yacc, so I can say precisely what the grammar is. The new recursive descent parser here has no such flags. It is a straightforward translation of the yacc. The new parser will make it easier to handle free carats in more generality as well as potentially allow the use of unquoted = as a word character. Going through this exercise has highlighted a few dark corners here as well. For example, I was surprised to find that x >f | y >f x | y are different commands (the latter redirects y's output). It is similarly surprising that a=b x | y sets a during the execution of y. It is also a bit counter-intuitive x | y | z x | if(c) y | z are not both 3-phase pipelines. These are certainly not things we should change, but they are not entirely obvious from the man page description, undercutting the quoted claim a bit. On the other hand, who | wc is clearly accepted by the grammar in the manual page, and the new parser still handles that test case.

Remote whitespace at the ends of lines. Remove blank lines from the ends of files. Change modes on source files so that they are not executable. Signed-off-by: Dan Cross <cross@gajendra.net>

R=rsc http://codereview.appspot.com/3833043

not a clear win over byron's, but at least it has the right syntax.